VEDIC CULTURE
Vedic Culture (1500 BC- 500 BC)
♦The vedic culture has bcen divided into two broad periods namely, the early vedic culture and the later vedic culture.
♦ Aryans are said to be propounders of vedic civilisation. They spoke a language called Arya. The whole region in which the Aryans were first settled in India was called the Land of 7 Rivers of Sapta Sindhawa.
♦Later on the society got divided into 4 varnas: Brahman (highest caste), Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra (lowest caste).
♦As Rig vedic society was Pastoralist, cow was considered as their main wealth.
♦The Rig vedic people used to worship the forces of nature like fire, water, air, plants etc. India was the most important deity of this culture. - Other important deities were Agni (fire God), Varuna (God of water) and Soma (God of plants).
♦ In Later Vedic Period, Aryans moved towards Ganga-Yamuna doab (place where two rivers meet) region.
♦ The position of king became more important and he assumed the title of 'Samrat'. Agriculture became the main economic activity. Rice, barley, wheat were the major crops.
♦The vedic literature consists of four literary productions
(i) Rigveda The oldest religious text in the world is a collection of hymns. Contains 1028 hymns and 10 mandalas. The 10th Mandala contains four varnas or the Purushasukta hymn, whereas 3rd Mandala contains Gayatri Mantra, which was compiled in the praise of Sun God.
(ii) Samaveda Collection of melodies, contains Dhrupad raga. It is a book of chants.
(iii) Yajurveda Contains hymns and rituals/sacrifices.
(iv) Atharvaveda Charms and spells to ward-off evils and diseases.
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